The data is an important asset of every organization. The data corruption and the subsequent loss of the data can result in major damage to the organization. The important thing is that the data can be sensitive so as if the data is failed then that may cause a substantial loss to the company organization. Hence it is required that the data be prevented from such a loss.

The data corruption can be of basically two different types. One is the logical corruption of the data. And the other is the physical level corruption of the data. The data in both the cases can lead to the damage which may be in some cases irreparable. There should be therefore a backup and the archival process and a proper strategy that will cause the data to be consistent. In case of any failure the data that is backed up or which is present in the archive can be used. But if there is no backup or archival strategy then there will be surely a data loss. Also the major thing is that the data that is corrupted should at least be able to recover from the damage.

The data corruption is said to be logically corrupted or physically corrupted. The data corruption at the physical level occurs when the storage media fails completely. It may also result in the logical corruptions due to the damage that may be caused to the operating system. Since the data is actually stored in the sectors over the hard disk drive, the file system is also responsible for the data to be consistent.

File management software can be used effectively for the purpose of providing information regarding the files and the directories. The index file or the catalog in case of the database management systems can be very effective in case of the damage. The physical corruption of the data can be due to several reasons one of which that are more common is the bad sectors. The boot sector failure may also result in the corruption of the data. The bad sectors in the hard disk drive are the locations that may have sustained physical damage due to the continuous usage of that data. Usually a bad sector over a media is that where a small scratch is present.

In case of the physical damage the data that can be recovered is dependent on the intensity of the damage the storage device has undergone. The primary reason of the physical failure of the hard disk drive should be determined.

The physical damages may range from many possibilities like the fire, hurricanes, volcanoes, earth quakes, war, riots, intentional mishandling etc. In other cases the physical damage may also result in the logical corruption of the data. In the logical corruption of the data, the data integrity check is to be made in comparison with the data that was present before the corruption. Also there are chances in the case of the logical corruptions that the data can be recovered.

The logical corruptions of the data or the user information may be due to the many reasons like mishandling of the data, unintentional deletion of the data or the information, operating system corruption, data loss due to improper file system and many more. The file system is the key thing in the storage of any data over the media.

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